Inferring from patterns observed in biomedical research, ecoimmunological theory predicts
that oxidative stress is a ubiquitous physiological cost that contributes to generating variation …

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by dysfunction
of the immune system that affects the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by …

Simple Summary Oxidative stress is an adverse condition in animals that can cause tissue
damage and result in poor health. A number of factors can contribute to this condition …

Diet quality may have an important effect on the regulation of oxidative status and the
immune system during an infectious disease. However, the relationship among intake of …

Wild mammals in ex situ captivity experience substantially different environmental conditions
compared to free-ranging conspecifics, eg, in terms of diet, climatic conditions, social factors …

Bearded (Erignathus barbatus), ringed (Pusa hispida), spotted (Phoca largha), and ribbon
(Histriophoca fasciata) seals rely on seasonal sea-ice in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. Many …

Introduction The Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)
signaling pathway has been extensively studied for its role in regulating antioxidant and …

Equid herpesviruses (EHVs) are pathogens of equid and nonequid hosts that can cause
disease and fatalities in captivity and in the wild. EHVs establish latent infections but can …

In climates with seasonally limited precipitation, terrestrial animals congregate at high
densities at scarce water sources. We hypothesize that viruses can exploit the recurrence of …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the end-products of physiologic functions in health.
Oxidative stress occurs when endogenous antioxidants are insufficient to neutralize ROS in …