Scientific advances over the past several decades have accelerated the ability to engineer
existing organisms and to potentially create novel ones not found in nature. Synthetic …

Synthetic genome recoding is a novel method of generating viruses with altered
phenotypes, whereby many synonymous mutations are introduced into the protein coding …

Mutation rates and fitness costs of deleterious mutations are difficult to measure in vivo but
essential for a quantitative understanding of evolution. Using whole genome deep …

If each of the four nucleotides were represented equally in the genomes of viruses and the
hosts they infect, each base would occur at a frequency of 25%. However, this is not …

Using computer algorithms and commercial DNA synthesis, one or more ORFs of a
microbial pathogen such as a virus can be recoded and deoptimized by several strategies …

Innate immune cells are endowed with many nucleic acid receptors, but the role of
sequence in the detection of foreign organisms remains unclear. Can sequence patterns …

Recoding viral genomes by numerous synonymous but suboptimal substitutions provides
live attenuated vaccine candidates. These vaccine candidates should have a low risk of …

The building structure maintenance and safety monitoring system has become an important
guarantee of building structure safety. The service life of conventional large-scale buildings …

Recoding viral genomes by introducing numerous synonymous but suboptimal codon pairs—
called codon-pair deoptimization (CPD)—provides new types of live-attenuated vaccine …

We outline a theory to quantify the interplay of entropic and selective forces on nucleotide
organization and apply it to the genomes of single-stranded RNA viruses. We quantify these …