During early post-natal life, neonates must adjust to the transition from the sheltered intra-
uterine environment to the microbe-laden external world, wherein they encounter a …

Background: Although increasing evidence suggests an association between alterations in
peripheral cytokines and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a consensus is lacking. To …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders
characterized by social interaction and communication deficits and repetitive and …

Mounting evidence finds that early life environmental factors increased the probability of
autism spectrum disorder. We estimated prospective associations between early life …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition with a
so far poorly understood underlying pathogenesis, and few effective therapies for core …

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous
neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex underlying genetic architecture. There are …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with a so far unknown
etiology. Increasing evidence suggests that a state of systemic low-grade inflammation may …

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a spectrum of conditions with commonalities as
well as differences in terms of phenome, symptomatome, neuropathology, risk factors and …

Evidence suggests a link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD), behavioral symptoms in
the context of ASD, and presence of an altered immune function. Several studies have …

Background Despite intensive research, the etiological causes of autism spectrum disorder
(ASD) remain elusive. Immunological mechanisms have recently been studied more …