Among the many calcium-binding proteins in the nervous system, parvalbumin, calbindin-
D28K and calretinin are particularly striking in their abundance and in the specificity of their …

Calcium signaling underlies much of physiology. Almost all the Ca2+ in the cytoplasm is
bound to buffers, with typically only∼ 1% being freely ionized at resting levels in most cells …

There are few neurochemical markers that reliably identify retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),
which are a heterogeneous population of cells that integrate and transmit the visual signal …

The retina communicates with the brain using≥ 30 parallel channels, each carried by axons
of distinct types of retinal ganglion cells. In every mammalian retina one finds so-called" …

Transgenic mice provide a new approach for studying the structure and function of the
mammalian retina. In the past, the cellular organization of the mammalian retina was …

A characteristic of nerve cells is their ability to propagate an action potential and to
communicate through specialized contact zones, called synapses. Synapses have received …

Retinal horizontal cells of four rodent species, rat, mouse, gerbil, and guinea pig were
examined to determine whether they conform to the basic pattern of two horizontal cell types …

Retinal detachment, the separation of the neural retina from the retinal pigmented
epithelium, starts a cascade of events that results in cellular changes throughout the retina …

The retina is a potential source of biomarkers for the detection of neurodegenerative
diseases. Accumulation of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the brain is a pathological feature …

Unlike in birds and cold-blooded vertebrates' retinas, the photoreceptors of mammalian
retinas were long supposed to be morphologically uniform and difficult to distinguish into …