Covering: 2020 This review covers the literature published in 2020 for marine natural
products (MNPs), with 757 citations (747 for the period January to December 2020) referring …

Animal venom is an important evolutionary innovation in nature. As one of the most
representative animal venoms, scorpion venom contains an extremely diverse set of …

Neuropeptides are diverse signaling molecules in animals commonly acting through G-
protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Neuropeptides and their receptors underwent extensive …

Gene duplication is a major force driving evolutionary innovation. A classic example is
generating new animal toxins via duplication of physiological protein-encoding genes and …

Abstract Background The ShK toxin from Stichodactyla helianthus has established the
therapeutic potential of sea anemone venom peptides, but many lineage-specific toxin …

Somatostatin and its related peptides (SSRPs) form an important family of hormones with
diverse physiological roles. The ubiquitous presence of SSRPs in vertebrates and several …

Aerolysins initially characterized as virulence factors in bacteria are increasingly found in
massive genome and transcriptome sequencing data from metazoans. Horizontal gene …

Ribbon worms are active predators that use an eversible proboscis to inject venom into their
prey and defend themselves with toxic epidermal secretions. Previous work on nemertean …

Venomous animals are a striking example of the convergent evolution of a complex trait.
These animals have independently evolved an apparatus that synthesizes, stores, and …

While the unique symbiotic relationship between anemonefishes and sea anemones is
iconic, it is still not fully understood how anemonefishes can withstand and thrive within the …