Central nervous system (CNS) innate immunity plays essential roles in infections,
neurodegenerative diseases, and brain or spinal cord injuries. Astrocytes and microglia are …

The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex multi-cellular structure consisting of endothelial
cells (ECs), neurons, glia, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and pericytes. Each component is …

Feeding, which is essential for all animals, is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. In
addition, food consumption is temporally coordinated by the brain over the circadian (~ 24 h) …

Astrocytes provide neurons with essential metabolic and structural support, modulate
neuronal circuit activity and may also function as versatile surveyors of brain milieu, tuned to …

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are widely recognized as potential effectors in
neuroprotective therapy. The protective properties of MSC were considered to be associated …

Astrocytes play crucial roles in regulating brain circuit formation and physiology. Recent
technological advances have revealed unprecedented levels of astrocyte diversity …

Mice with insulin receptor (IR)–deficient astrocytes (GFAP-IR knockout [KO] mice) show
blunted responses to insulin and reduced brain glucose uptake, whereas IR-deficient …

The medical applications of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists is
evergrowing in scope, highlighting the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of …

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist liraglutide is approved for the
treatment of obesity; however, there is still much to be learned regarding the neuronal sites …

The interoceptive homeostatic mechanism that controls breathing, blood gases and acid‐
base balance in response to changes in CO2/H+ is exquisitely sensitive, with convergent …