Ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) is one of the severe ocular disorders occurring from
stenosis or occlusion of the carotid arteries. As the ophthalmic artery is derived from the …

Purpose The burden of ocular diseases has been gradually increasing worldwide. Various
factors are suggested for the development and progression of ocular diseases, such as …

Retinal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common cause of visual impairment. To date,
no effective treatment is available for retinal I/R injury. In addition, the precise pathological …

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an acute retinal ischaemic disease, but early
diagnosis is challenging due to a lack of biomarkers. Blood samples were collected from …

Cardiovascular diseases lead to retinal ischemia, one of the leading causes of blindness.
Retinal ischemia triggers pathological retinal glial responses and functional deficits …

Vascular cognitive impairment caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) seriously
affects the quality of life of elderly patients. However, there is no effective treatment to control …

The Circle of Willis (CoW) is the main collateral system, and its morphological variants are
more common in patients who have severe carotid artery stenosis. Earlier data suggest that …

Cardiovascular abnormality-mediated retinal ischemia causes severe visual impairment.
Retinal ischemia is involved in enormous pathological processes including oxidative stress …

Ocular ischemia is a common cause of blindness and plays a detrimental role in various
diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, occlusion of central retinal arteries, and ocular …

Background Retinal ischemic stresses are associated with the pathogenesis of various
retinal vascular diseases. To investigate pathological mechanisms of retinal ischemia …