Many countries around the world have strengthened of the environmental regulations on
greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, so battery electric vehicles (BEVs) to replace traditional …

HFCs that were accepted globally in refrigeration and air conditioning applications may
soon be phased out due to environmental concerns. The primary driver behind the phase …

The air conditioning (AC) system provides cool, heating and ventilation in the cabin of the
electric vehicles (EVs). It is necessary to control the interior thermal environments of the …

Kigali's amendment on Montreal Protocol has recognized the great impact of
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) on climate change. In the European Union, the Regulation (EU) …

Electric vehicles running at low temperature causes range anxiety and safety hazards
because of the reduction of available battery capacity and battery degradation caused by …

HFC refrigerants as R134a, R404A, R407C and R410A are commonly used in heating, air
conditioning and refrigeration (HACR) systems since Kyoto protocol. However, they are …

In this paper, the environment friendly refrigerant options suitable for automobile air
conditioners are reviewed. Initially, the thermophysical, thermodynamic and chemical …

The technical maturity and rapidly increasing market share of electrified vehicles have given
more importance to the cabin thermal management. Efficient thermal management has a key …

In this paper, a comparative experimental study between R134a and its low GWP alternative
R1234yf/R134a (called R513A, 44/56% weight) in a domestic refrigerator was presented …

The use of vapor compression system-based air-conditioning units is predominant in
conventional fossil-fueled and electric vehicles. Mobile air-conditioning (MAC) units play a …