Abiotic stresses increasingly threaten existing ecological and agricultural systems across the
globe. Plant roots perceive these stresses in the soil and adapt their architecture …

We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research
groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common …

Plants often live in adverse environmental conditions and are exposed to various stresses,
such as heat, cold, heavy metals, salt, radiation, poor lighting, nutrient deficiency, drought, or …

Flooding causes oxygen deprivation in soils. Plants adapt to low soil oxygen availability by
changes in root morphology, anatomy, and architecture to maintain root system functioning …

Because of intense transpiration and growth, the needs of plants for water can be immense.
Yet water in the soil is most often heterogeneous if not scarce due to more and more …

Plant growth regulators are naturally biosynthesized chemicals in plants that influence
physiological processes. Their synthetic analogous trigger numerous biochemical and …

Grain size is one of the most important factors that control rice yield, as it is associated with
grain weight (GW). To date, dozens of rice genes that regulate grain size have been …

Developmental age is a strong determinant of stress responses in plants. Differential
susceptibility to various environmental stresses is widely observed at both the organ and …

Background X-ray computed tomography (CT) allows us to visualize root system architecture
(RSA) beneath the soil, non-destructively and in a three-dimensional (3-D) form. However …

The shoot and root system architectures are fundamental for crop productivity. During the
history of artificial selection of domestication and post-domestication breeding, the …