It is estimated that the prevalence rate of Alzheimer's disease (AD) will double by the year
2040. Although currently available treatments help with symptom management, they do not …

The progression of glioblastomas is associated with a variety of neurological impairments,
such as tumor-related epileptic seizures. Seizures are not only a common comorbidity of …

The basal ganglia play an important role in decision making and selection of action primarily
based on input from cortex, thalamus, and the dopamine system. Their main input structure …

Substantia nigra (SNc) dopaminergic neurons respond to aversive stimuli with inhibitory
pauses in firing followed by transient rebound activation. We tested integration of inhibitory …

Cigarette smoking is currently the leading cause of preventable deaths and disability
throughout the world, being responsible for about five million premature deaths/year …

Synaptic plasticity configures interactions between neurons and is therefore likely to be a
primary driver of behavioral learning and development. How this microscopic-macroscopic …

The spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), a synaptic learning rule for encoding learning
and memory, relies on relative timing of neuronal activity on either side of the synapse …

Calcium plays a role in long-term plasticity by triggering postsynaptic signaling pathways for
both the strengthening (LTP) and weakening (LTD) of synapses. Since these are opposing …

Calcium directly controls or indirectly regulates numerous functions that are critical for
neuronal network activity. Intracellular calcium concentration is tightly regulated by …

Activity-dependent long-term changes in synaptic strength constitute key elements for
learning and memory formation. Long-term plasticity can be induced in vivo and ex vivo by …