Bones play an important role in maintaining exercise and protecting organs. Bone defect, as
a common orthopedic disease in clinics, can cause tremendous damage with long treatment …

Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are biocompatible and biodegradable materials showing a
great promise in bone regeneration as good alternative to the use of auto-and allografts to …

Successful regeneration of large segmental bone defects remains a major challenge in
clinical orthopedics, thus it is of important significance to fabricate a suitable alternative …

Reconstruction of bone defects, especially the critical-sized defects, with mechanical
integrity to the skeleton is important for a patient's rehabilitation, however, it still remains …

There has been an escalation in reports over the last decade examining the efficacy of bone
marrow derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSC) in bone tissue engineering and …

Increasing evidence has suggested that paracrine mechanisms might be involved in the
underlying mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation, and exosomes …

Adipose tissue is now on the top one of stem cell sources regarding its accessibility,
abundance, and less painful collection procedure when compared to other sources. The …

The development, maintenance of healthy bone and regeneration of injured tissue in the
human body comprise a set of intricate and finely coordinated processes. However, an …

Ossification is a tightly regulated process, performed by specialized cells called osteoblasts.
Dysregulation of this process may cause inadequate or excessive mineralization of bones or …

Bone fractures and segmental bone defects are a significant source of patient morbidity and
place a staggering economic burden on the healthcare system. The annual cost of treating …