The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic accumulation of evidence indicating that
the excitatory amino acid glutamate plays an important role in drug addiction and …

The endocannabinoid system (eCB) is implicated in the mediation of both reward and
reinforcement. This is evidenced by the ability of exogenous cannabinoid drugs to produce …

Cannabinoid drugs such as Δ 9-THC are euphoric and rewarding, and also stimulate food
intake in humans and animals. Little is known about how naturally occurring endogenous …

We tested whether cannabinoids (CBs) potentiate alcohol-induced birth defects in mice and
zebrafish, and explored the underlying pathogenic mechanisms on Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) …

Withdrawal from opiates, such as heroin or oral narcotics, is characterized by a host of
aversive physical and emotional symptoms. High rates of relapse and limited treatment …

Background The “classic” endocannabinoid (eCB) system includes the cannabinoid
receptors CB1 and CB2, the eCB ligands anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2 …

Drug addiction is a chronic brain disorder leading to complex adaptive changes within the
brain reward circuits that involve several neurotransmitters. One of the neurochemical …

There remains debate regarding the impact of cannabis on neuropsychiatric disorders.
Here, we examined the effects of cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive constituent of …

The CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
recognized by a variety of endogenous ligands and activating multiple signalling pathways …

Beyond direct synaptic communication, neurons are able to talk to each other without
making synapses. They are able to send chemical messages by means of diffusion to target …