Immunotherapy, particularly those based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has
become a useful approach for many neoplastic diseases. Despite the improvements of ICIs …

New-generation vaccines, formulated with subunits or nucleic acids, are less immunogenic
than classical vaccines formulated with live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens. This …

Hemocyanin transports oxygen in the hemolymph of many molluscs and arthropods and is
therefore a central physiological factor in these animals. Molluscan hemocyanin molecules …

Background: Recently, we produced a tumour antigen-presenting cells (TAPCells) vaccine
using a melanoma cell lysate, called TRIMEL, as an antigen source and an activation factor …

A timely immune response is crucial for the effective control of virus infection. The influenza
virus NS1 protein interferes with the expression of key proinflammatory cytokines from …

Hemocyanins, the huge oxygen-transporting glycoproteins of some mollusks, are used as
immunomodulatory proteins with proven anti-cancer properties. The biodiversity of …

Hemocyanins induce a potent Th1-dominant immune response with beneficial clinical
outcomes when used as a carrier/adjuvant in vaccines and nonspecific immunostimulant in …

Purpose: We determined the antitumor properties of a newly available hemocyanin obtained
from the Chilean gastropod Concholepas concholepas (Biosonda Corp., Santiago, Chile) in …

The development of vaccine adjuvants is of interest for the management of chronic diseases,
cancer, and future pandemics. Therefore, the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the effects …

Mollusk hemocyanins have been used for decades in immunological and clinical
applications as natural, nontoxic, nonpathogenic, and nonspecific immunostimulants for the …