Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has boomed
over the last 30 years, and its use has accelerated during the last 5 years. AM is a materials …

In contrast to conventional hard actuators, soft actuators offer many vivid advantages, such
as improved flexibility, adaptability, and reconfigurability, which are intrinsic to living …

Inspired by shape‐morphing organisms in nature, researchers have developed various
hydrogels with stimuli‐responsive swelling, shrinking, bending, folding, origami, rolling …

The past 20 years have witnessed ever-growing evidence that the mechanical properties of
biological tissues, from nanoscale to macroscale dimensions, are fundamental for cellular …

Abstract Development of polymer-based smart materials, which can autonomously alter their
physical and/or chemical properties when exposed to external stimuli, is a thriving research …

Abstract 3D printing is a rapidly growing technology that has an enormous potential to
impact a wide range of industries such as engineering, art, education, medicine, and …

Since the concept of four-dimensional (4D) printing first emerged from additive
manufacturing technologies in 2013, there has been growing interest from researchers …

Self-healing, adhesive conductive hydrogels are of great significance in wearable electronic
devices, flexible printable electronics, and tissue engineering scaffolds. However, designing …

Smart materials, also known as intelligent materials, which are responsive to the external
stimuli including heat, moisture, stress, pH, and magnetic fields, have found extensive …

Hybrid materials composed of transition‐metal compounds and nitrogen‐doped
carbonaceous supports are promising electrocatalysts for various electrochemical energy …