Human beings have been credited with unparalleled capabilities for digital prehension
grasping. However, grasping behaviour is widespread among tetrapods. The propensity to …

Along with supernumerary bones, sesamoids, defined as any organized intratendinous/
intraligamentous structure, including those composed of fibrocartilage, adjacent to an …

The current view of skeletal patterning fails to explain the formation of sesamoid bones.
These small bones, which facilitate musculoskeletal function, are exceptionally embedded …

Sesamoid bones are small auxiliary bones that form near joints and contribute to their
stability and function. Thus far, providing a comprehensive developmental model or …

Jumping consists of a series of complex movements with more variability in landing than in
take-off. Different modes have been described concerning the landing phase, which seems …

Anurans have three primary types of locomotion: walking, jumping, and swimming.
Additionally, they may dig, climb, grasp, etc. All adult anurans have four limbs, with four …

Signaling for limb bone development usually precedes that for muscle development, such
that cartilage is generally present before muscle formation. It remains obscure, however, if:(i) …

The genus Scinax currently includes more than 120 species, recovered in two major clades,
the S. catharinae and the S. ruber clades. The latter comprises 75 species, most of which …

Toads of the genus Melanophryniscus are known since the mid-late 19th Century, and the
first skeletal description was made early in 1875. However, it was not until the 1970s that …

Sesamoids are skeletal elements found within a tendon or ligament as it passes around a
joint or bony prominence. Here we review the distribution of sesamoids in bats, the only …