The study of plant mitochondria started in earnest around 1950 with the first isolations of
mitochondria from animal and plant tissues. The first 35 years were spent establishing the …

L-aspartate (Asp) serves as a central building block, in addition to being a constituent of
proteins, for many metabolic processes in most organisms, such as biosynthesis of other …

Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic and biotic stress conditions affect
plant growth and development, and agricultural sustainability in general. Abiotic and biotic …

Proline is a proteinogenic amino acid synthesized from glutamate and ornithine. Pyrroline-5-
carboxylate synthetase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase are the two key enzymes …

Contents Summary 670 I. Introduction 671 II. Principle 1–Plant respiration performs three
distinct functions 673 III. Principle 2–Metabolic pathway flexibility underlies plant respiratory …

Photorespiration is frequently considered a wasteful and inefficient process. However,
mutant analysis demonstrated that photorespiration is essential for recycling of 2 …

Proline takes an exceptional place among the proteinogenic amino acids by its specific
accumulation in pollen and in response to multiple types of stress. Despite more than 50 …

Multiple mitochondrial matrix enzymes playing key roles in metabolism require cofactors for
their action. Due to the high impermeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane, these …

Malate and citrate underpin the characteristic flexibility of central plant metabolism by linking
mitochondrial respiratory metabolism with cytosolic biosynthetic pathways. However, the …

Subcellular compartmentalization confers evolutionary advantage to eukaryotic cells but
entails the need for efficient interorganelle communication. Malate functions as redox carrier …