Despite more than three decades of intensive effort, no effective pharmacological inhibitors
of the RAS oncoproteins have reached the clinic, prompting the widely held perception that …

Cancer genomic instability contributes to the phenomenon of intratumoral genetic
heterogeneity, provides the genetic diversity required for natural selection, and enables the …

Manual review of aligned reads for confirmation and interpretation of variant calls is an
important step in many variant calling pipelines for next-generation sequencing (NGS) data …

Background Circ-ITCH is a circRNA generated from several exons of itchy E3 ubiquitin
protein ligase (ITCH) and tumor suppressor served as a sponge for certain miRNAs …

Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) drives neoplastic progression and therapeutic resistance. We
used the bioinformatics tools' expanding ploidy and allele frequency on nested …

Background Molecular characterization of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) may
provide a biologic rationale for treatment response and novel therapeutic strategies …

To assess factors influencing the success of whole-genome sequencing for mainstream
clinical diagnosis, we sequenced 217 individuals from 156 independent cases or families …

Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer worldwide and has been associated with
high mortality and morbidity. Although the treatment of bladder cancer is based on well …

The Notch signaling pathway controls cell fates through interactions between neighboring
cells by positively or negatively affecting the processes of proliferation, differentiation and …

The prognosis and treatment of bladder cancer have improved little in the past 20 years.
Bladder cancer remains a debilitating and often fatal disease, and is among the most costly …