Background Revealing the relationship between plants and fungi is very important in
understanding biodiversity maintenance, community stability, and ecosystem functioning …

Ecological interactions have been acknowledged to play a key role in shaping biodiversity,.
Yet a major challenge for evolutionary biology is to understand the role of ecological …

Ecological networks are often composed of different subcommunities (often referred to as
modules). Identifying such modules has the potential to develop a better understanding of …

Introductions of species by humans are causing the homogenization of species composition
across biogeographic barriers,–. The ecological and evolutionary consequences of …

Cancer genomics has produced extensive information on cancer-associated genes, but the
number and specificity of cancer-driver mutations remains a matter of debate. We …

Virus genomes are prone to extensive gene loss, gain, and exchange and share no
universal genes. Therefore, in a broad-scale study of virus evolution, gene and genome …

Species in ecological communities build complex webs of interaction. Although revealing
the architecture of these networks is fundamental to understanding ecological and …

The network theoretical framework of ecological community studies is expected to promote
not only the basic understanding of ecological and coevolutionary dynamics but also the …

Background Anthropogenic activities significantly impact natural ecosystems, leading to
alterations in plant and pollinator diversity and abundance. These changes often result in …

How food webs are structured has major implications for their stability and dynamics. While
poorly studied to date, arctic food webs are commonly assumed to be simple in structure …