Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known mediators of intracellular signaling cascades.
Excessive production of ROS may, however, lead to oxidative stress, loss of cell function …

Neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) are highly specialized for their
primary function, the phagocytosis and destruction of microorganisms. When coated with …

IN THE 1880s Elie Metchnikoff observed specialized phago-cytic cells ingesting bacteria,
and recognized the importance of phagocytosis as a defense mechanism in multicellular …

Phagocyte-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are of crucial importance for host
resistance to microbial pathogens. Decades of research have provided a detailed …

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), the active ingredient of household bleach, is the most common
disinfectant in medical, industrial, and domestic use and plays an important role in microbial …

Reactive oxidant species (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, hypohalous
acid, and nitric oxide) are involved in many of the complex interactions between the invading …

Phagocytes respond to stimulation with a burst of oxygen consumption, and much, if not all,
of the extra oxygen consumed in the respiratory burst is converted first to the superoxide …

Phagocytes mediate their innate immunological response by releasing products that
damage invading microorganisms. These products include proteins such as lysozyme …

The microbiological safety of fresh produce is monitored almost exclusively by culture-based
detection methods. However, bacterial food-borne pathogens are known to enter a viable …

Stimulated neutrophils produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) via the myeloperoxidase-
catalyzed reaction of hydrogen peroxide with chloride. The reactions of HOCl with oleic …