Oligoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) bands (OCBs) are a useful diagnostic tool to detect a
central humoral response. In particular, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-restricted OCBs represent …

The central nervous system (CNS) is finely protected by the blood–brain barrier (BBB).
Immune soluble factors such as cytokines (CKs) are normally produced in the CNS …

Background Down syndrome regression disorder is a symptom cluster consisting of
neuropsychiatric regression without cause. This study evaluated the incidence of …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare condition in which
autoantibodies attack neuronal tissue, causing neuropsychiatric disturbances. This study …

Objective This study aimed to examine the clinical distinctions among patients diagnosed
with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) based on the presence or absence of cerebrospinal fluid …

Background: Oligoclonal bands represent intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG) synthesis and
play an important role in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Kappa free light chains …

Evaluating undifferentiated meningitis or encephalitis is challenging due to their broad
differential diagnoses with significant clinical and etiologic overlap. Meningitis denotes …

Background Anti-gamma-aminobutyric-acid B receptor (anti-GABA BR) encephalitis is a rare
form of autoimmune limbic encephalitis (ALE) that is closely associated with tumor …

Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indices reflecting intrathecal antibody production and
blood-brain barrier impairment are not routinely assessed in patients with autoimmune …

Background Aberrant DNA methylation occurs commonly during pathogenesis of
neuroimmunological diseases and is of clinical value in various encephalitis subtypes …