1. BACKGROUND 1.1. Why Condensed Matter Matters: Types and Significance of
Condensed Matter and Surfaces Encountered in the Atmospheric Environment The …

In the past 40 years, atmospheric chemists have come to realize that halogens exert a
powerful influence on the chemical composition of the troposphere and through that …

Year-round observations of the physical snow and ice properties and processes that govern
the ice pack evolution and its interaction with the atmosphere and the ocean were …

Ozone holds a certain fascination in atmospheric science. It is ubiquitous in the atmosphere,
central to tropospheric oxidation chemistry, yet harmful to human and ecosystem health as …

The hydroxyl radical, OH, initiates the removal of the majority of trace gases in the
atmosphere, and together with the closely coupled species, the hydroperoxy radical, HO2, is …

Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols (LACs), including black carbon and light-absorbing
organic carbon (brown carbon, BrC), have an important role in the Earth system via heating …

Halogen atoms and oxides are highly reactive and can profoundly affect atmospheric
composition. Chlorine atoms can decrease the lifetimes of gaseous elemental mercury and …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

From the frontiers of research on ice dynamics in its broadest sense, this review surveys the
structures of ice, the patterns or morphologies it may assume, and the physical and chemical …

During springtime in the polar regions, unique photochemistry converts inert halide salt ions
(eg Br−) into reactive halogen species (eg Br atoms and BrO) that deplete ozone in the …