To date, no effective vaccines or therapies are available against the severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pandemic agent of the coronavirus …

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been expected to be a unique pharmaceutic for the
treatment of broad-spectrum intractable diseases. However, its unfavorable properties such …

Infectious diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with viruses in particular
making global impact on healthcare and socioeconomic development. In addition, the rapid …

Inflammation involving the innate and adaptive immune systems is a normal response to
infection. However, when allowed to continue unchecked, inflammation may result in …

Biosensors are of great significance because of their capability to resolve a potentially large
number of analytical problems and challenges in very diverse areas such as defense …

Cytokines affect nearly every biological process; these include embryonic development,
disease pathogenesis, non‐specific response to infection, specific response to antigen …

SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory pathogen and primarily infects the airway epithelium. As our
knowledge about innate immune factors of the respiratory tract against SARS-CoV-2 is …

Recent work has identified three distinct classes of viral membrane fusion proteins based on
structural criteria. In addition, there are at least four distinct mechanisms by which viral fusion …

α1-Antitrypsin (AAT) is the archetype member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN)
supergene family. The AAT deficiency is most often associated with the Z mutation, which …

Abstract Alpha‐1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is an under‐recognized hereditary disorder
associated with the premature onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver cirrhosis …