Conservation biological control (CBC) has widely benefited from ecological practices that
enhance both the crop and its surrounding environment. However, use of insecticides …

The chemical application is considered one of the most crucial methods for controlling insect
pests, especially in intensive farming practices. Owing to the chemical application, insect …

BACKGROUND Spodoptera frugiperda is a pest of economically important crops in South
America. In Brazil, this species is considered the most destructive pest of maize. Use of …

The history and recent developments of conservation biological control (CBC) in the context
of industrialized and small-scale agriculture are discussed from theoretical framework …

The dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa (Lygaidae: Hemiptera), is
polyphagous in nature and has become one of the severe sucking pests of cotton in …

The sustainability of control programs for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, for
citrus crops in Spain has been threatened by the development of resistance to malathion …

Background The western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis, a worldwide agricultural
pest, has developed resistance to an array of insecticides. Spinosad resistance confers an …

Green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) is a generalist predator used as a
biological control agent in agro ecosystems. In order to use chemical and biological control …

Musca domestica is one of the major cosmopolitan insect pests of public health importance.
Spinosad is considered an eco-friendly insecticide used for the management of M …

House flies, Musca domestica L.,(Diptera: Muscidae), are pests of poultry and have the
ability to develop resistance to insecticides. To design a strategy for resistance …