Filamentous fungi constitute a large group of eukaryotic microorganisms that grow by
forming simple tube-like hyphae that are capable of differentiating into more-complex …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in pathogen-plant interactions: recognition
of a pathogen by the plant rapidly triggers the oxidative burst, which is necessary for further …

The vascular wilt fungi Verticillium dahliae and V. albo-atrum infect over 200 plant species,
causing billions of dollars in annual crop losses. The characteristic wilt symptoms are a …

NADPH oxidases (NOXs), mostly known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs),
are the key producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. A lot of literature has …

Cell-to-cell communication and cell fusion are fundamental biological processes across the
tree of life. Survival is often dependent upon being able to identify nearby individuals and …

Manganese (Mn) oxides are among the most reactive minerals within the environment,
where they control the bioavailability of carbon, nutrients, and numerous metals. Although …

Organisms are exposed to a tough environment, where acute daily challenges, like light, can
strongly affect several aspects of an individual's physiology, including pathogenesis. While …

Plant cell growth and stress signaling require Ca2+ influx through plasma membrane
transport proteins that are regulated by reactive oxygen species. In root cell growth …

Verticillium dahliae is a phytopathogenic fungus obligate in root infection. A few hyphopodia
differentiate from large numbers of hyphae after conidia germination on the root surface for …

Detection of surrounding organisms in the environment plays a major role in the evolution of
interspecies interactions, such as predator–prey relationships. Nematode-trapping fungi …