The therapeutic margin for any drug is based on both toxicity and efficacy. Generally, toxicity
is dose-dependent and is driven either by the therapeutic target or by an untoward target …

Background Metabolic diseases are frequently observed in HIV‐infected persons and, as
the risk of contracting these diseases is age‐related, their prevalence will increase in the …

Mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2
diabetes. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), specifically stavudine, are …

Oxidative stress condition arises during imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants of
diverse origin damaging both structure and function of tissues. Oxidative stress has been …

A 55–200 expansion of the CGG nucleotide repeat in the 5′-UTR of the fragile X mental
retardation 1 gene (FMR1) is the hallmark of the triplet nucleotide disease known as the …

HIV-1-infected patients may develop lipodystrophy and insulin resistance. We investigated
the effect of the HIV-1 accessory protein viral protein R (Vpr) on the activity of the …

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late onset neurodegenerative
disorder, characterized by tremors, ataxia, impaired coordination, and cognitive decline …

Polyglutamine (poly-Q) diseases are late-onset neurodegenerative disorders arising from
the expansion of an unstable CAG repeat in the affected gene, which is translated to a tract …

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Dilated cardiomyopathy is a frequent
disease, responsible for 40–50% of cases of heart failure.• Several aetiologies have been …

Background. Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-related mitochondrial toxicity
has been suggested as a key factor in the induction of antiretroviral-related lipoatrophy. This …