Protein‐losing enteropathy, or PLE, is not a disease but a syndrome that develops in
numerous disease states of differing etiologies and often involving the lymphatic system …

The body's immune system is essential for protecting it from various pathogens and other
external insults. The immune system is tightly regulated and maintained through the …

Cyclosporine is an immunomodulatory drug used to treat an increasing spectrum of
diseases in dogs. Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor, ultimately exerting its inhibitory …

Background The development of atopic dermatitis (AD) and other cutaneous
hypersensitivities involves the activation and differentiation of allergen‐specific lymphocytes …

The body's immune system is essential for protecting it from a variety of pathogens and other
external insults. It is through the complex interactions between the cells and mediators of …

Ciclosporin (Atopica; Novartis Animal Health) has been licensed for canine atopic dermatitis
(AD) since 2002. Adverse events (AEs) have been reported in 55 per cent of 759 dogs in 15 …

Background Opportunistic invasive fungal infections (OIFI s) occur in dogs administered
immunosuppressive medications. However, the epidemiology of OIFI s among dogs …

OBJECTIVE To compare the cumulative incidences of malignancies and benign skin
masses and the mean age at death or euthanasia in dogs with allergic dermatitis treated …

Opportunistic fungal infections have long been recognized as rare causes of disease in
immunocompetent dogs and cats. Recently, the escalating use of multiagent …

There are many non-infectious inflammatory diseases, assumed to be immune-mediated in
origin, recognized to affect the nervous system in canine patients. Concentrating on …