The prefrontal cortex (PFC) serves as the chief executive officer of the brain, controlling the
highest level cognitive and emotional processes. Its local circuits among glutamatergic …

A group of European experts was commissioned by the European Chapter of the
International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology to gather knowledge about the state of …

Objective: Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and half of patients with
depression have treatment-resistant depression. Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) is …

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is accompanied by intense cortical activity, underlying its
wake-like electroencephalogram. The neural activity inducing REM sleep is thought to …

Neural plasticity, a fundamental mechanism of neuronal adaptation, is disrupted in
depression. The changes in neural plasticity induced by stress and other negative stimuli …

Many psychiatric disorders, despite their specific characteristics, share deficits in the
cognitive domain including executive functions, emotional control and memory. However …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects multiple large-scale functional networks in the
brain, which has initiated a large number of studies on resting-state functional connectivity in …

Background The optimal target in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for treating depression
with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) remains unknown. Better efficacy …

Gut microbiome diversity has been strongly associated with mood-relating behaviours,
including major depressive disorder (MDD). This association stems from the recently …

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), including transcranial direct and alternating current
stimulation (tDCS, tACS) are non-invasive brain stimulation techniques increasingly used for …