In 1978, we published two reviews on pain control mechanisms in the central nervous
system. One concentrated on brainstem control of spinal nociceptive neurons (Fields & …

Rhythmic movements are produced by central pattern-generating networks whose output is
shaped by sensory and neuromodulatory inputs to allow the animal to adapt its movements …

Nervous connections between the trigeminal ganglia and cerebral blood vessels have
recently been identified in experimental animals and have been termed the …

The present review examines the experimental evidence supporting the existence of central
mechanisms able to modulate the synaptic effectiveness of sensory fibers ending in the …

The rates of opioid overdose in the United States quadrupled between 1999 and 2017,
reaching a staggering 130 deaths per day. This health epidemic demands innovative …

Calcium channels in excitable membranes are of great importance for many cellular
functions. Modulation of these channels by neurotransmitters and drugs regulates calcium …

In addition to their actions at supraspinal sites, opiates can act directly at the spinal cord
level to produce analgesia1–3. Opiate receptors and enkephalins are found in abundance …

The nature of dorsal root reflexes (DRRs) and their possible role in peripheral inflammation
and the consequent hyperalgesia are reviewed. The history of DRRs and the relationship of …

The primary structure of G proteins as deduced from purified proteins and cloned subunits is
presented. When known, their functions are discussed, as are recent data on direct …

The central terminals of small diameter primary sensory neurones associated with the
transmission of noxious cutaneous stimuli are located predominantly in the superficial dorsal …