It is widely held that the insect and vertebrate CNS evolved independently. This view is now
challenged by the concept of dorsoventral axis inversion, which holds that ventral in insects …

Recent molecular genetic analyses of Drosophila melanogaster and mouse central nervous
system (CNS) development revealed strikingly similar genetic patterning mechanisms in the …

Neural circuits carry out complex computations that allow animals to evaluate food, select
mates, move toward attractive stimuli, and move away from threats. In insects, the …

During Drosophila embryonic CNS development, the sequential neuroblast (NB) expression
of four proteins, Hunchback (Hb), Pou-homeodomain proteins 1 and 2 (referred to …

The Drosophila brain develops from the procephalic neurogenic region of the ectoderm.
About 100 neural precursor cells (neuroblasts) delaminate from this region on either side in …

Studies on expression and function of key developmental control genes suggest that the
embryonic vertebrate brain has a tripartite ground plan that consists of a forebrain/midbrain …

In recent years it has become evident that the developmental regulatory genes involved in
patterning the embryonic body plan are conserved throughout the animal kingdom. Striking …

The Drosophila embryo provides a useful model system to study the mechanisms that lead
to pattern and cell diversity in the central nervous system (CNS). The Drosophila CNS, which …

Publisher Summary Central pattern generator circuits provide rhythmic patterns of activity
among connected neurons that mediate walking. Local perturbations, such as irregularities …

Endocrine cells in the larval midgut of Drosophila melanogaster are recognized by antisera
to seven regulatory peptides: the allatostatins A, B, and C, short neuropeptide F …