In vertebrates, all acoustic information transmitted from the inner ear to the central auditory
system is relayed by primary auditory afferents (auditory‐nerve fibers; ANFs). These neurons …

Animals modulate sensory processing in concert with motor actions. Parallel copies of motor
signals, called corollary discharge (CD), prepare the nervous system to process the mixture …

Phase locking of auditory-nerve-fiber (ANF) responses to the fine structure of acoustic stimuli
is a hallmark of the auditory system's temporal precision and is important for many aspects of …

Action potentials (APs) in the form of very short pulses arise when the cell is excited by any
internal or external stimulus exceeding the critical threshold of the membrane. During AP …

Information processing in the nervous system critically relies on temporally precise spiking
activity. In the auditory system, various degrees of phase-locking can be observed from the …

The novel theory of robust a posteriori optimal finite impulse response (OFIR) filtering is
developed in linear discrete-time state-space for uncertain and disturbed systems under …

The ability of mammals to discriminate which ear is the first to receive acoustic stimuli with a
resolution of approximately 10 μS is remarkable. It requires precise detection of the acoustic …

Sound localization is a fundamental sensory function of a wide variety of animals. The
interaural time difference (ITD), an important cue for sound localization, is computed in the …

The physiological hearing range of turtles is approximately 50–1000 Hz, as determined by
cochlear microphonics. These low frequencies can constrain sound localization, particularly …

Previous studies have used an accelerometer to evaluate muscle endurance. This study
compared endurance index values using a video phone to an accelerometer. Eleven …