Discogenic back pain is multifactorial; hence, physicians often struggle to identify the
underlying source of the pain. As a result, discogenic back pain is often hard to treat—even …

Low back pain represents the highest burden of musculoskeletal diseases worldwide and
intervertebral disc degeneration is frequently associated with this painful condition. Even …

There is an urgent clinical need for the treatment of annulus fibrosus (AF) impairment
caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration or surgical injury. Although repairing …

Tissue engineering holds great promise for the treatment of advanced intervertebral disc
degeneration. However, assessment of in vivo integration and mechanical function of tissue …

Back and neck pain have become a primary cause of disability and healthcare spending
globally. While the causes of back pain are multifactorial, intervertebral disc degeneration is …

The intervertebral disc (IVD) is an important component of the human spine that maintains
physiological motion and distributes loads. Single-or multi-segment degeneration occurs …

Tissues in the intervertebral disc have a large capacity to absorb water, partially due to the
high glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, which decreases linearly from the nucleus pulposus …

The cartilaginous endplates (CEP) are key components of the intervertebral disc (IVD)
necessary for sustaining the nutrition of the disc while distributing mechanical loads and …

Background: In the case of a degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD), even though spinal
fusion has provided good short-term clinical results, an alteration of the spine stability has …

Biomaterials science has achieved significant advancements for the replacement, repair and
regeneration of intervertebral disc tissues. However, the translation of this research to the …