Balancing selection refers to a variety of selective regimes that maintain advantageous
genetic diversity within populations. We review the history of the ideas regarding the types of …

Background Gynodioecy is a reproductive system of interest for evolutionary biologists, as it
poses the question of how females can be maintained while competing with hermaphrodites …

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Recent decades have witnessed an explosion of theoretical and empirical studies of sex
allocation, transforming how we understand the allocation of resources to male and female …

Sexual-system evolution has a long rich history of theoretical study, which has guided
empirical explorations and the recent expansion of ideas concerning the role of ecological …

Background and Aims About 6% of an estimated total of 240 000 species of angiosperms
are dioecious. The main precursors of this sexual system are thought to be monoecy and …

Multilocus interactions (also known as Dobzhansky‐Muller incompatibilities) are thought to
be the major source of hybrid inviability and sterility. Because cytoplasmic and nuclear …

Sexual system is a key determinant of genetic variation and reproductive success, affecting
evolution within populations and within clades. Much research in plants has focused on …

In gynodioecious species, females and hermaphrodites coexist and the genetics of sex
determination is usually nuclear cytoplasmic. Maintaining nuclear-cytoplasmic gynodioecy …

A range of hypothesized evolutionary pathways has been proposed for describing the
evolution of dioecy. However, the evolutionary links between other sexual systems not …