Heart failure (HF) patients often suffer from multiple comorbidities, such as diabetes, atrial
fibrillation, depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic kidney disease …

Receptor interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is a downstream signaling
molecule essential for the activation of several innate immune receptors, including the NOD …

Mitochondrial metabolism plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes and fibrosis.
However, the mechanism underlying mitochondrial metabolic function and liver fibrosis …

Background: Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is one of the leading causes of heart failure
with highly complicated pathogeneses. The E3 ligase TRIM16 (tripartite motif–containing …

Obesity increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases and induces cardiomyopathy. Chronic
inflammation plays a significant role in obesity-induced cardiomyopathy and may provide …

Summary Background Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5) belongs to a class of nonheme
iron-containing dioxygenases involved in the catalysis of leukotriene biosynthesis. However …

Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) plays a key regulatory role in cardiovascular diseases,
such as cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiac ischemia …

HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy alter mitochondrial function, which can progressively
lead to mitochondrial damage and accelerated aging. The interaction between persistent …

Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) belongs to the receptor-interacting protein
family (RIPs), which is mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. RIPK2 is widely expressed in …

Background Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is regarded as a critical precursor and
independent risk factor of heart failure, and its inhibition prevents the progression of heart …