Health is usually defined as the absence of pathology. Here, we endeavor to define health
as a compendium of organizational and dynamic features that maintain physiology. The …

Environmental insults impair human health around the world. Contaminated air, water, soil,
food, and occupational and household settings expose humans of all ages to a plethora of …

The mammalian immune system implements a remarkably effective set of mechanisms for
fighting pathogens. Its main components are haematopoietic immune cells, including …

Silicone-rubber baby teats used to bottle-feed infants are frequently disinfected by moist
heating. However, infant exposure to small microplastics (< 10 μm) potentially released from …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex chronic inflammatory disorder of the
gastrointestinal tract. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) produced by the …

Tumor extracellular matrix has been associated with drug resistance and immune
suppression. Here, proteomic and RNA profiling reveal increased collagen levels in lung …

There has been extensive progress in understanding the cellular and molecular
mechanisms of inflammation and immune regulation in allergic diseases of the skin and …

Abstract 'Jack of all trades, master of everything'is a fair label for transforming growth factor
β1 (TGF-β)–a cytokine that controls our life at many levels. In the adult organism, TGF-β1 is …

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract represents a unique challenge to the mammalian immune
system. It must tolerate the presence of the luminal microbiota and thus not respond to their …

Intestinal mesenchymal cells play essential roles in epithelial homeostasis, matrix
remodeling, immunity, and inflammation. But the extent of heterogeneity within the colonic …