Human epidemiological studies have identified links between nicotine intake and stress
disorders, including anxiety, depression and PTSD. Here we review the clinical evidence for …

Acetylcholine (ACh) levels are elevated in actively depressed subjects. Conversely,
antagonism of either nicotinic or muscarinic ACh receptors can have antidepressant effects …

The balance between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) signaling is important for maintaining
homeostatic function in the brain. Indeed, dysregulation of inhibitory GABA interneurons in …

Acetylcholine signaling can strengthen associations between environmental cues and
reward availability. Diverse subtypes (M1-M5) of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor …

Sevoflurane anesthesia is reported to repress neurogenesis of neural stem cells (NSCs),
thereby affecting the brain development, but the underlying mechanism of sevoflurane on …

The cholinergic system is a critical regulator of Pavlovian fear learning and extinction. As
such, we have begun investigating the cholinergic system's involvement in individual …

Introduction: Altered signaling or function of acetylcholine (ACh) has been reported in
various neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Tourette syndrome, epilepsy …

Re-exposure of rats to a previously fear-conditioned environment arouses great alterations
in behavioral and cardiovascular parameters. Pieces of works provide putative evidence for …

Increased brain levels of acetylcholine (ACh) are observed in subsets of patients with
depression and increasing ACh levels chronically can precipitate stress-related behaviors in …

The brain has a remarkable capacity to collect new information from the environment, to
store it, and to adapt the behavior accordingly (Daoudal and Debanne 2003). The …