Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive extracellular matrix deposition due to
dysregulated wound and connective tissue repair response. Multiple organs can develop …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disease of unknown cause
characterized by relentless scarring of the lung parenchyma leading to reduced quality of life …

Background Pirfenidone has been shown to slow disease progression in patients with
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, there are few treatment options for progressive …

Background At present, no approved pharmacotherapies are available for unclassifiable
interstitial lung disease (ILD), which is characterised by progressive fibrosis of the lung. We …

Objectives Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic fibrotic lung disease characterized
by dry cough, fatigue, and progressive exertional dyspnea. Lung parenchyma and …

Within the spectrum of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is a subset of patients who
have inexorable progression of pulmonary fibrosis despite treatment, which is known as the …

In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the occurrence of myocardial
fibrosis is associated with adverse outcome. Whether pirfenidone, an oral antifibrotic agent …

Abstract 'Jack of all trades, master of everything'is a fair label for transforming growth factor
β1 (TGF-β)–a cytokine that controls our life at many levels. In the adult organism, TGF-β1 is …

Alveolar epithelial type II cells (AT2) are a heterogeneous population that have critical
secretory and regenerative roles in the alveolus to maintain lung homeostasis. However …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease characterized by
progressive lung scarring and the histological picture of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). It …