According to the widely accepted" three Es" model, the host immune system eliminates
malignant cell precursors and contains microscopic neoplasms in a dynamic equilibrium …

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the standard of care for first-line treatment of
patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, yet optimised treatment of patients whose …

The most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma is clear cell renal cell carcinoma
(ccRCC). While localized ccRCC can be cured with surgery, metastatic disease has a poor …

The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic agents is a promising
new approach in cancer treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors block the signals that help …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly transformed the treatment paradigm for
metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), offering prolonged overall survival and achieving …

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial
report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co …

There have been significant advances in the treatment of urology cancers, with a number of
practice‐changing treatments. There is now greater clarity on the role of the use of …

An important challenge in the real-world management of patients with advanced clear-cell
renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) is determining who might benefit from immune checkpoint …

Simple Summary Belzutifan, a hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2α) inhibitor, has
emerged as an exciting new treatment option not only for patients with Von Hippel-Lindau …

The introduction of first-line combinations had improved the outcomes for metastatic renal
cell carcinoma (mRCC) compared to sunitinib. However, some patients either have inherent …