Produced water is the wastewater formed when water is brought from subsurface reservoirs
during oil or gas extraction. Currently, produced water is mainly treated using conventional …

Oily wastewater consists of fats, oils and greases together with a broad spectrum of
dissolved organic and/or inorganic substances in suspension. It is regarded as one of the …

Membrane separation processes have become an emerging technology for the treatment of
oily wastewater due to high oil removal efficiency and relatively facile operational process …

Petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, sulphides,
ammonia, oils, suspended and dissolved solids, and heavy metals. As these pollutants are …

Petroleum industry is one of the fastest growing industries, and it significantly contributes to
economic growth in developing countries like India. The wastewater from a petroleum …

The industries like petroleum refining, petrochemicals, metallurgical, oil & gas, etc., generate
a substantial volume of oily wastewater, and it is recognized as a potential threat to the …

Various industries generate a considerable volume of wastewater containing toxic
contaminants, arsenic, dyes, heavy metals, perchlorate, oil from multiple sectors. Among …

Environmental pollution has become a worldwide issue. Rapid industrial and agricultural
practices have increased organic contaminants in water supplies. Hence, many strategies …

Oil and gas industry generate large quantities of oily wastewater effluents. This wastewater
has a major impact on the environment and human health. Hence, a suitable separation …

Produced water is the largest wastewater generated in oil and gas industry and its handling
has become a significant issue of environmental concern. Due to its massive production, it …