The structure of neuronal circuits that subserve cognitive functions in the brain is shaped
and refined throughout development and into adulthood. Evidence from human and animal …

Sleep supports healthy cognitive functioning in adults. Over the past decade, research has
emerged advancing our understanding of sleep's role in cognition during development …

Mitochondria are critical metabolic and signaling hubs, and dysregulated mitochondrial
homeostasis is implicated in many diseases. Degradation of damaged mitochondria by …

Dendritic spines are small protrusions from the dendrite membrane, where contact with
neighboring axons is formed in order to receive synaptic input. Changes in size, shape, and …

Fluorescence imaging techniques play a pivotal role in our understanding of the nervous
system. The emergence of various super-resolution microscopy methods and specialized …

Inhibitory synapses mediate the majority of synaptic inhibition in the brain, thereby
controlling neuronal excitability, firing, and plasticity. Although essential for neuronal …

The structural plasticity of dendritic spines is considered to be essential for various forms of
synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. The process is mediated by a complex signaling …

Induction of long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) in excitatory neurons triggers a transient
enlargement of dendritic spines followed by decay to sustained size expansion, a process …

Mental disorders represent common brain diseases characterized by substantial
impairments of social and cognitive functions. The neurobiological causes and mechanisms …

Axon initial segments (AISs) and nodes of Ranvier are sites of clustering of voltage-gated
sodium channels (VGSCs) in nervous systems of jawed vertebrates that facilitate fast long …