Problems caused by urban climate phenomena such as urban heat island intensification,
nuisance winds, or the lack of ventilation, are a growing concern with urban population …

Heatwaves in urbanized areas, even in temperate regions like the Netherlands, are getting
serious attention. The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute predicts more frequent and …

Sustainable development of cities and communities under climate change calls for effective
and pragmatic strategies to mitigate urban heat island (UHI) during hot seasons. Meanwhile …

Heat mitigating natural elements such as trees, shrubs, grass and water have been broadly
studied, while their effects on semi-open spaces have been almost ignored. This paper aims …

Abstract Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) has become a vital measure within every nation
due to the significant impacts posed by climate change on Critical Infrastructures (CIs) and …

Urban areas play a pivotal role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to
adverse effects of climate change, worldwide. Climate-related assessment of urban …

A consequence of urbanization was the intensification of urban heat islands, especially in
tropical cities. There have been rapid developments in infrastructure that have displaced …

Diffusion has become both an important concept for studying policy spread and a popular
governance approach, particularly where direct coercion is unavailable or undesirable …

Green space (GS) is a central element of urban ecosystems while, urbanization is
substantially changed green land into impervious ecosystems, which has then troubled the …

Global climate change and urban heat island intensification are making many cities
dangerously hot during heat waves and uncomfortably hot much of the time. Research has …