High incidences of morbidity and mortality associated with age-related diseases among the
elderly population are a socio-economic challenge. Aging is an irreversible and inevitable …

Bone diseases are usually caused by abnormal metabolism and death of cells in bones,
including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and bone marrow …

Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in aging and multiple degenerative diseases, including
intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, the maintenance of …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common age‐related joint disorder with no effective therapy.
According to the World Health Organization, OA affects over 500 million people and is …

Atrazine (ATR) is a herbicide widely used in grass crops. The pollution of the soil and water
environment is extremely harmful to aquatic animals and their offspring. iNOS/NO …

Compromised autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction downregulate chondrocytic activity,
accelerating the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Irisin, a cleaved form of fibronectin type …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease, mainly presented by the
deterioration of articular cartilage. Amounts of data demonstrated this deterioration is …

Medical implants often induce foreign body reaction (FBR) from the host immune system,
which may cause implant failure. Spermidine is a natural polyamine with various important …

Both life span and health span are influenced by genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors.
With the genetic influence on human life span estimated to be about 20–25%, epigenetic …

Spermidine have been reported a role in antioxidative, antiaging, and antiinflammatory.
Oxidative stress causes granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis, follicular atresia, and impairs poultry …