After a detailed description of orexins and their roles in sleep and other medical disorders,
we discuss here the current clinical evidence on the effects of dual (DORAs) or selective …

The brain's ability to strengthen or weaken synaptic connections is often termed synaptic
plasticity. It has been shown to function in brain remodeling following different types of brain …

Introduction Stress and trauma are significant risk factors for many neuropsychiatric
disorders and diseases, including anxiety disorders. Stress-induced anxiety symptoms have …

The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) has gained attention owing to its involvement in various
physiological functions, such as sleep–awake, feeding, and emotion, with its analgesic role …

Highlights•Dopamine and serotonin play important roles in acquiring internal models of
predictive relationships and using these learned representations to guide …

Oxytocin plays an important role in brain development and is associated with various
neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Abnormalities in the production, secretion, and …

Obesity is a growing global health epidemic with limited orally administered therapeutics.
Serotonin (5-HT) is one neurotransmitter which remains an excellent target for new weight …

Dysregulation of the mesolimbic reward circuitry is implicated in the pathophysiology of
stress-related illnesses such as depression and anxiety. These disorders are more …

Background Dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonergic neurons projecting to the ventral
tegmental area (VTA) neural circuit participate in regulating wake‐related behaviors; …

Electrophysiological and anatomical studies of interactions between the catecholaminergic
system, interpeduncular nucleus and nu Page 1 Faculty of Biology Institute of Zoology and …