Tests of phenotypic convergence can provide evidence of adaptive evolution, and the
popularity of such studies has grown in recent years due to the development of novel …

Understanding functional adaptation demands an integrative framework that captures the
complex interactions between form, function, ecology, and evolutionary processes. In this …

Colonization of a novel habitat is often followed by phenotypic diversification in the wake of
ecological opportunity. However, some habitats should be inherently more constraining than …

The process of brain folding is thought to play an important role in the development and
organisation of the cerebrum and the cerebellum. The study of cerebellar folding is …

Adams and Collyer argue that contemporary multivariate (Gaussian) phylogenetic
comparative methods are prone to favouring more complex models of evolution and …

Organisms use diverse strategies to thrive in varying habitats. While life history theory partly
explains these relationships, the combined impact of resource availability and disturbance …

Background The fossil record provides the unique opportunity to observe evolution over
millions of years, but is known to be incomplete. While incompleteness varies spatially and …

The neurocranium (braincase) is one of the defining vertebrate characters. Housing the
brain and other key sensory organs, articulating with the jaws and contributing to the shape …

Relationships among species in the tree of life can complicate comparative methods and
testing adaptive hypotheses. Models based on the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process permit …

Mutualisms have driven the evolution of extraordinary structures and behavioural traits, but
their impact on traits beyond those directly involved in the interaction remains unclear. We …