Opioids are administered perioperatively for postoperative analgesia, and intraoperatively
to control the sympathetic response to surgical stimuli, frequently as a surrogate for …

Background Inadequate pain management after surgery increases the risk of postoperative
complications and may predispose for chronic postsurgical pain. Perioperative ketamine …

Background. Opioids can increase sensitivity to noxious stimuli and cause opioid-induced
hyperalgesia. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the clinical consequences of …

In this study, we developed a rat model of incisional pain. A 1-cm longitudinal incision was
made through skin, fascia and muscle of the plantar aspect of the hindpaw in halothane …

K etamine has a special position among anesthetic drugs. It was introduced into clinical
practice> 30 yr ago with the hope that it would function as a “monoanesthetic” drug: inducing …

IMPLICATIONS: This meta-analysis assesses the ability of preemptive analgesic
interventions to attenuate postoperative pain scores, decrease supplemental postoperative …

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is most broadly defined as a state of nociceptive
sensitization caused by exposure to opioids. The state is characterized by a paradoxical …

Ketamine hydrochloride is a well known general anesthetic and short acting analgesic in
use for almost 3 decades. The role of the NMDA receptor in the processing of nociceptive …

Background Postoperative pain management is often limited by adverse effects such as
nausea and vomiting. Adjuvant treatment with an inexpensive opioidsparing drug such as …

Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, is known to be analgesic and to
induce psychomimetic effects. Benefits and risks of ketamine for the control of postoperative …