Jupiter's icy moon, Europa, harbors a subsurface liquid water ocean; the prospect of this
ocean being habitable motivates further exploration of the moon with the upcoming NASA …

The habitability of Europa is a property within a system, which is driven by a multitude of
physical and chemical processes and is defined by many interdependent parameters, so …

Saturn's moon Enceladus has a potentially habitable subsurface water ocean that contains
canonical building blocks of life (organic and inorganic carbon, ammonia, possibly hydrogen …

Europa likely contains an iron‐rich metal core. For it to have formed, temperatures within
Europa reached 1250 K. Going up to that temperature, accreted chondritic minerals—for …

The plume composition at Enceladus contains clues about conditions and processes in the
interior. We present new geochemical interpretations of Cassini mass spectrometry data …

A growing number of satellites in the outer solar system likely have global oceans beneath
their outer icy shells. While the presence of liquid water makes these ocean worlds …

Of profound astrobiological interest, Enceladus appears to have a global saline subsurface
ocean, indicating water-rock reaction at present or in the past, an important mechanism in …

The Cassini mission to the Saturn system discovered a plume of ice grains and water vapor
erupting from cracks on the icy surface of the satellite Enceladus. This moon has a global …

Reliable identification of biosignatures, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and peptides, on
extraterrestrial ocean worlds is a key prerequisite for space missions that search for life or its …

Identifying and distinguishing between abiotic and biotic signatures of organic molecules
such as amino acids and fatty acids is key to the search for life on extraterrestrial ocean …