Convincing evidence now supports a probable preventive role for physical activity in
postmenopausal breast cancer. The mechanisms by which long-term physical activity affect …

Simple Summary Factors such as estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors, also
known as nuclear receptors, are abundantly expressed in the majority of breast cancers …

Considerable experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests that elevated
endogenous sex steroids—notably androgens and oestrogens—promote breast tumour …

Background: Contrasting etiologic hypotheses about the role of endogenous sex steroids in
breast cancer development among premenopausal women implicate ovarian androgen …

Background The androgen receptor (AR) is an emerging prognostic marker and therapeutic
target in breast cancer. AR is expressed in 60–80% of breast cancers, with higher …

Gynaecomastia (enlargement of the male breast tissue) is a common finding in the general
population. Most cases of gynaecomastia are benign and of cosmetic, rather than clinical …

Androgens have important physiological effects in women. Postmenopausal androgen
replacement, most commonly as testosterone therapy, is becoming increasingly widespread …

BACKGROUND Androgens and the androgen receptor (AR) have well known roles in male
reproduction, and recent genetic mouse models inactivating the Ar gene have conclusively …

Although the process of bone remodelling or its control has not yet been fully elucidated
there is, at present, sufficient information available to conclude that ovarian steroids …

Phenotype analysis of female mice lacking androgen receptor (AR) deficient (AR−/−)
indicates that the development of mammary glands is retarded with reduced ductal …