Purpose Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is a rare sight-threatening complication of
Graves' disease. First-line treatment for DON consists of high-dose intravenous …

Background Standard treatment for thyroid eye disease is with systemic corticosteroids. We
aimed to establish whether orbital radiotherapy or antiproliferative immunosuppression …

Abstract Thyroid Eye Disease (TED, Graves ophthalmopathy, thyroid ophthalmopathy) is the
most common cause of orbital inflammation and proptosis in adults. There is no agreement …

The signal intensity from inflamed extra-ocular muscles on short tau inversion recovery
(STIR)-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is known to correlate with clinical …

Purpose To assess the correlation between inflammatory activity in extraocular muscles
measured with serial short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence magnetic resonance …

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence and outcome of optic
neuropathy associated with thyroid-related orbitopathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS All …

There are no clear guidelines for the sequence of treatment of ON, but many therapeutic
options are available. Treatments that have proved to be beneficial in ON are: systemic …

Background. Accurate staging of patients with thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is
crucial for clinical decision. Full cognition of pathologic changes and staging TAO using …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The quantitative evaluation of orbital fat proliferation and
edema and the assessment of extraocular muscles are useful for diagnosing and monitoring …

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral steroids when combined with long-term
oral azathioprine (AZA) and orbital radiotherapy in patients with active thyroid-related …