Across many different contexts, randomized evaluations find that school participation is
sensitive to costs: Reducing out-of-pocket costs, merit scholarships, and conditional cash …

We examine the relationship between schooling completed and mathematics learning from
2000 to 2014 by developing learning profiles for Indonesia. Using nearly-nationally …

Despite great progress around the world in getting more kids into schools, too many leave
without even the most basic skills. In India's rural Andhra Pradesh, for instance, only about …

Despite the rapid growth in enrollment rates across the developing world, there are major
concerns about the quality of education that children receive. Across numerous developing …

We study the impact of providing school report cards with test scores on subsequent test
scores, prices, and enrollment in markets with multiple public and private providers. A …

Using data from Pakistan, we show that existing methods produce unbiased and reliable
estimates of teacher value added (TVA) despite significant differences in context. Although …

Recent attention has focused on the existence of non-government schools that cater to
children from low-income families. These schools can now be found in the majority of …

Teacher effectiveness is low in many developing countries. How can it be improved? We
show that understanding teacher beliefs may be an important but overlooked part of the …

Although the growth of private schooling in India is quite visible, even in rural areas, the
contours of this change remain poorly understood because of data limitations. Official …

The association between test scores in primary school and college attendance, and how this
association differs by socioeconomic status (SES), remains an open question in low-and …