Specific ion effects (SIE), encompassing the Hofmeister Series, have been known for more
than 130 years since Hofmeister and Lewith's foundational work. SIEs are ubiquitous and …

Specific effects of electrolytes have posed a challenge since the 1880's. The pioneering
work was that of Franz Hofmeister who studied specific salt induced protein precipitation …

Specific ion effects occur everywhere. They occur in bulk solutions and at interfaces
(air/water, oil/water, solid/water, macromolecule/water, etc.). They are even found in …

When Szent-Györgyi called water the “matrix of life”, 1 he was echoing an old sentiment.
Paracelsus in the 16th century said that “water was the matrix of the world and of all its …

Specific ion effects in aqueous polymer solutions have been under active investigation over
the past few decades. The current state-of-the-art research is primarily focused on the …

Ionic liquids (ILs) have shown potentials as a new reaction medium for biocatalysis, either as
such or as an aqueous mixture. Their unique ionic nature is important in affecting the …

The points of zero charge/potential of proteins depend not only on pH but also on how they
are measured. They depend also on background salt solution type and concentration. The …

Chemically cross-linked elastomers are an important class of polymeric materials with
excellent temperature and solvent resistance. However, nearly all elastomers are petroleum …

Semi‐artificial photoelectrochemistry can combine state‐of‐the‐art photovoltaic light‐
absorbers with enzymes evolved for selective fuel‐forming reactions such as CO2 reduction …

The original Hofmeister series concerned the effectiveness of different salts in precipitating
negatively charged proteins. Although the relative position of the species in the series has …