Exosomes are well-known key mediators of intercellular communication and contribute to
various physiological and pathological processes. Their biogenesis involves four key steps …

Extracellular vesicles contain a lipid bilayer membrane that protects the encapsulated
material, such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and metabolites, from the extracellular …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, can mediate long-distance communication
between cells by delivering biomolecular cargo. It is speculated that EVs undergo back …

Exosomes are nanosized membrane vesicles released by fusion of an organelle of the
endocytic pathway, the multivesicular body, with the plasma membrane. This process was …

Beyond the consolidated role in degrading and recycling cellular waste, the autophagic-and
endo-lysosomal systems play a crucial role in extracellular release pathways. Lysosomal …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to serious motor and sensory dysfunction of the limbs
below the injured segment. SCI not only results in physical and psychological harm to …

Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles with diameters from 30 to 150 nm, released upon
fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell surface. They can transport nucleic acids …

Exosomes are nanoscale-sized membrane vesicles secreted by almost all cell types into the
extracellular environment upon fusion of multivesicular bodies and plasma membrane …

Highlights•ESCRT proteins, lipids and tetraspanins can independently generate intraluminal
vesicles.•Different RAB proteins can target multivesicular compartments to the plasma …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a term that includes both exosomes of endocytic origin and
vesicles derived from plasma membranes, are continuously secreted by cells to the …